The Muslim Brotherhood was born in 1928 in the context of a return to religious fundamentalism and the armed struggle against Western occupation. It developed a rigorous ideology. Long hounded by dictatorial, secular, or Arab nationalist regimes, the Muslim Brotherhood rose to power in Egypt, Tunisia, and partially in Morocco. Today, they are reaping the benefits of the revolution for democracy, but what is the reality? Do they advocate, as they claim, a moderate Islam, in step with modernity and compatible with democracy?